COPE Health Scholars Practice Test

Which age group is at high risk for fluid/electrolyte imbalance from gastroenteritis?

1. Neonates

2. Preschool children

3. Adolescents

4. Young adults

The correct answer is: Preschool children

The age group that is at high risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalance from gastroenteritis is neonates. Neonates, or newborns, have a higher percentage of body water compared to older children and adults, making them particularly vulnerable to dehydration. Their body's ability to regulate fluid balance is not yet fully developed, which means that conditions like gastroenteritis, which can cause vomiting and diarrhea, can quickly lead to significant fluid and electrolyte losses. The immaturity of their renal function further complicates their ability to concentrate urine and retain fluids, putting them at an increased risk for severe dehydration and related complications. As a result, it is crucial to monitor fluid intake and output in this age group closely during instances of gastroenteritis.